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Saturday, December 15, 2018

'Architecture as a Means of Upliftment in South Africa\r'

'Architecture as a fashion of Fulfillment in reciprocal ohm Africa, post-ap artificeheid Introduction The stop over of Apartheid whollyowed for â€Å" b atomic number 18-ass ways of describing public institutions” according Togo Nero, in an interview for the Sm every last(predicate) Scale, Big Change order. And as a result, architecture ass be seen as a means of cultural fulfillment in post- apartheid S fall outh Africa. So the question is, how does architecture locomote favor up to(p) multifariousness and identity In this state? This a two-fold question.This essay allow direct to manner of speaking this question, In an analysis and comparison of Joy toilsome expiration emplacement M aimum In Port Elizabeth, and the Alexandra inheritance Centre in Johannesburg. We volition start with a brief level of apartheid, and the ranks, to put option the buildings into context. Followed by a look at the purposes and concepts of the afore menti wholenessd buildings. Fr om there, we will address the organize and materials and go into an analysis and comparison of the buildings, ending finish with the buildings in the present day.Hi study to the south Africans entire news report is plagued with issues and tensions over ethnicity. This is evident all the way digest to the early 1 sass when the Dutch and English utilise the Cape as their stopover point, and began to colonies, forcing the inhering people (such as the San and Koki) from their homes, and claimed the land for themselves. Battling for land and self-will in the midst of the Dutch and the English went on for umpteen, numerous years, resulting In events such as the Boer War. In 1910, South Africa became a member of the British Commonwealth, with both parties touch power.By the asses, the Nationalist Party grew in strength resulting in them finally coming into power, and the start of apartheid in 1948. Apartheid resulted in many things, but the cost classical gene was that of s egregation of races, and classification. Different races were given different complaisant atomic number 18as, occupations and atomic number 18as to bouncing. The years to follow were full of unhappiness, and reject- both unruffled and non. Jumping ahead to 1990, we see the beginning of flip- laws lifted, and constitutions redrawn. In 1994, South Africa saw the election of their first discolour president and the legal end to apartheid. unusedly Brighton, Port Elizabeth Is hotshot of the oldest black townships In South Africa, with the ruby Location- so named after the old red corrugate barracks there- beingness the Much peaceful, non-violent protest happened, and it was here, in 1952 that a assembly of local NC members marched through the â€Å"Europeans Only entrance at the New Brighton Train Station. This was the start of many more acts of defiance. after forty- six years, apartheid ended, and the Red Location was chosen to be a site where history and the location i tself, would be wieldd. Alexandra Township, in Johannesburg was named a township in 1912.It was one of the fewer townships that was not demolished as a result of the Group Areas Act- the township was too more than of an important place for people in the Yankee suburbs to mind labor. However, the government found that Alex was over-populated, and so seek to forcedly remove people. This led to many boycotts and protests in the area. Alex is an important part of the apartheid history, as important NC members lived there at one time or another- such as Nelson Mandela. Alexandra Township today is a bustling and vivacious area, with an ongoing project to develop and preserve it.Purpose and concept In 1998, a national arguing was held to protrude a precinct in the Red Location that would forge tourists into the area firstly, as rise up as to preserve the history of the area. It was to embroil new housing, a depository library, art nerve center, gallery and market hall, a confe rence centre, and obviously, the centre piece- a museum centered on apartheid. The winner of the competition was the Cape Town based, Nero Wolff Architects. Their scheme would lumpize a public berth- something that was lacking in Red Location.This â€Å" mall” would be at the centre of the precinct- the intersection between the two roads cookd in the design. As well as this, there were a few factors that put it above the other entries: firstly, capacious care and conceit was put into the call of the design- not besides does it fuse in with the industrial buildings in the area, but it is thoughtful of the scale of the township itself. The second point is its aesthetic- the wrangle is straightforward, and the buildings celebrate the ordinary materials- standardized concrete and corrugated iron.This overall scheme does however, ingest a supple industrial feel to it- which is deliberate in fasten the building into its site. And the last thing was that the building ha d a unique approach to preserving the history, and courting whatever exhibits it would house- all of which creates a depot evolving around the struggle for freedom, sooner than apartheid itself. In 2001, the Alexandra Tourism Development Project (ATOP) was founded, by the Sautéing Tourism Authority, in the hopes to develop a phone number of tourism facilities and infrastructure with emphasis on the heritage of the area, and to develop in tourism.Time, effort and money were overly put into upgrading the housing in the area- and this has been a enormously successful project, major improving the lives of the people that live there. And this was a big stimulant when it came to the inheritance Centre- it â€Å" must serve chiefly as a imaging for the companionship †they must be incentive of as essential and integral parts of the urban and social fabric of Alexandra †rather than simply as an hooking for visitors”. Anyone Duggan, project something that Peter Ri ch took into account, in his design- which we will discuss later.The Alexandra Heritage Site serves principally as a venue quadrangle- where meetings, exhibitions and classes can be held. in that location will to a fault be a invariable exhibition, showing the history, and stories of the area, as well as artworks and photographs. alone according to Peter Rich, the or so important device characteristic is that it is a place where the older generations can specialize their stories and record their memories. Interview in Convey, online magazine, 2011-1) Structure, Materials and the Building form For the purpose of this essay, I will focus mainly on the Museum itself, rather than the entire Museum of Struggle Precinct.In the Red Location Museum, the building itself only serves to house and cheer the exhibits- the twelve corrugated â€Å" retentiveness boxes” (more later) hold all the significance and meaning. The building is designed to evoke modest emotion, which goes to strengthen ones experience of the interior. This building is an example of a massive concrete structure- built from pre-cast concrete elements, and untouched elements, such as the columns- which need a sense experience of permanence to the building. Other than its sheer volume, perhaps the more or less important structural feature is the roof.For their initial design, Nero Wolff looked to anti-apartheid protest art for clues. In the painting shown, the three originative building types are evident:, the double story school building, the â€Å"box-house” and the saw- tooth roofed factory. The saw-tooth is an image strongly associated with the factory, and during the time of apartheid, the factory was associated with civic virtue, as it as the condescension unions that helped create the internal struggle for freedom. Civic buildings at that time were also images of apartheid, so Nero Wolff wanted to create a distinction.So the Museum was designed with a saw-tooth ro of- which also offered redeeming(prenominal) lighting and ventilation opportunities. The Alexandra Heritage Centre primarily utilize red steel girders, brick and poly- carbonate sheeting, well-favored it a lighter appearance than the Museum- especially because it also bridges across the road, which creates an observation deck autocratic the township. Peter Rich describes it as having an â€Å"ad-hoc esthetics” (Interview in Convey, online magazine, 2011-1) which is influenced by the surrounding without being patronizing.It has a civic feel, but stable blends into the township- practically like the Red Location. Peter Rich also sort ideas out from the people- he spent a great reckon of time observing daily routines and such of the area, and used this to influence the design. Both buildings used local labor. Alex not only used local labor in the construction, but also in the smaller details, like the glasswork in the windows. The Red Location used 50% local labor, and ev ery three months, new people were brought in- trained ND put to work. This offered much in the line of employment.Analysis and Comparison which houses a library and the exhibition space and offers views of the surrounding houses. The building has many opportunities for transparency- from the entrance, you can observe below into the public spaces, outside adjoining to the road and in the interior, the planes are interlinking. there are also ambiguous internal spaces- this allows for great flexibility in purpose- they were designed to be able to house political as well as social events. Another dimension is added, under the bridge- this space is owe redefined as street.Because of the polycarbonate sheeting and glasswork, the building gets untroubled daylight- which is important if the space is to be utilized for workshops and such. As one enters the Red Location Museum, one is brought from the mammoth sweeping veranda, to the entrance hall- which takes you from the informal exteri or to formal interior, with its large volume. The entrance hall serves as a transition space. The entrance also houses the auditorium, which can be accessed from both sides. From here, the movement is directed via a words of tall concrete columns which are the first splay- the â€Å" head of heroes”.These bring you into the main exhibition space- which is initially concealed- this was deliberate, to bring in a sense of â€Å"mysteriousness”. The main exhibition space houses twelve towering rusted corrugated structures- the â€Å"memory boxes” which relate back to the actual memory boxes which were treasured items during apartheid. Through these boxes, the exhibitions could be curates through themes. all(prenominal) box is different on the inside, housing an exhibit. The memory box, is supposed to represent history, while outside of the museum is the present.The space inebriate- the twilight zone- is the transitional space, where past is lost to present. And it is in this space, which one moves around in the museum- choosing your own channel and therefore creating your own judgement and story. This is achieved through a deliberate lack of hierarchy- the boxes are placed in a grid. The townships share similar histories, so it is only natural that any public buildings within them would ease up similarities. The obvious difference is their function, but other than that, these buildings share similar approaches, labor strategies, reasons for materiality.But the biggest similarity is that they both have a positive impact on their locations, and are strong beacons towards a better future and a new identity. The Buildings in Present Day The Alexandra Heritage Centre, after many years of delays and budget problems, is neighboring to completion. Of course, projects to uplift and rejuvenate the area are still on going. Tours are given of Alexandra regularly (called shoo left(s)) which include visits to Mandelas Yard and the Heritage Centre. Fro m the limited resources available, it is evident that the federation think this building is a huge success- which is the most important opinion.It will take a few years, and more rejuvenation of the area, to bring in the do of tourism that the ATOP hope to bring in, however. The museum. Currently, the next phases- the art gallery and the library/archive are completed- with minor interior issues still to be resolved- these are not open to the public yet. Future plans for the site include more, higher density housing, and an arts school- which will include a theatre which can bring in more involvement from the confederation.The precinct is very successful- it brings in tourist attention, the community love it and make use of it on a daily basis. On a larger scale, the Museum does much to rejuvenate South Africa, in post-apartheid times. Conclusion When asked, how does architecture affect social change and identity in this country, one needs to look at why it is necessary to uplift the community and why perhaps, is change needed. It is evident that huge change was required after apartheid to begin to heal this country, and one of the biggest tools the apartheid government had to control people, was space.Through the two public buildings that were compared, we can see how this country, through architecture, has begun to correct itself. These buildings are not patronizing to anyone- not any race or class- and aside from their obvious functions, they bring about new change and identity to their respective communities. We can successfully reach this conclusion now, as we know the backcloth and context, and are well acquainted with the buildings through an understanding of structure, materials, purpose and concept.As with most things, change is ongoing, and the Red Location Precinct and Alexandra Heritage Centre are testament to this. As a young architect in South Africa, it is clear to me, that to create successful public buildings, a good understanding of the su rrounding context, community and history is obvious, as well as an understanding that the architects place is to create spaces- and that space can have a huge affect on people, and that it is our duty to shape this space as best to assist the community as possible.\r\n'

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