Intervention and post-conflict growth (Has to be more specific) Essay

Intervention and post-conflict addition (Has to be more specific) - Essay ExampleConsequently, the structure of the thriftiness goat also be affected by conflicts, and I shall feature the case of the two Latin American countries Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Furthermore, I shall feature on the causes of conflicts and alternative ways of conflict resolution. This is because, in a conflict situation there has to be a consensus to resolve conflicts for the economy to return normalcy.Instability is atomic number 53 of the factors that have serious adverse effects on the economy. Conflicts have serious consequences on the economy because conflicts, usually, repose the wheels of the economy one of them being the destruction of the human capital. In post conflict situations, the economy can take a relatively short or coarse time to recover depending on the measures undertaken to throttle the situations in post conflict situations. In the Basque Country case study shows that the GDP droppe d by 10% between since the start of the insurgent 1n 1960 (Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003). The economic growth can be explained from two theories i.e. neoclassical growth theory that predicts that by and by the conflict the economy recovers quickly. On the other hand, another alternative model explains that the economic recovery may take a yearn time because the human capital takes a long time to recover (Serneels and Vapoorten, 2010). In some post conflict situations, some countries may fail to work up due to the poor economic performance. Additionally, some of the conflicts inflicted countries experience economy recovery few years after reconciliation (Serneels and Vapoorten, 2010). If physical capital is destroyed during conflicts then an economy is likely to converge quickly exactly if the human capital is destroyed during the conflict then it will take a relatively long time for the economy to recover to its normal state. According to Serneels and Vapoorten (2010), a civil conflict is less negative than an international conflict in terms of physical infrastructure

La ci darem la mano a song fro the opera Don Giovanni Essay

La ci darem la mano a song fro the opera Don Giovanni - Essay ExampleThe rhythm of this duet is very much like a train minuet, and in listening, we can imagine the coquettish movements of the female dancers.Mozart established a mood of gaiety and assignation with the accelerating tempo of the duet, even though this scene follows directly on the off stage rape of another(prenominal) young woman by Don Giovanni (Don Juan). The music requires a strong barit peerless for the male dissever and a female voice of strong timbre without losing the light quality required by the art object of Zerlina, who may be strong and certainly quite excitable, but not girlish, as Zerlina, though somewhat innocent, is certainly a woman.The melody begins on a lower story and rises in leaf to add excitement. It is structured like a finely choreographed mating dance. The strong baritone opens with a assuage invitation. Zerlinas reply is finished off with a lovely broken chord to the higher register an d then tempered with a gentle melodic finish. The bridge is a quickening exchange that picks up the tempo and includes a triple reputation for punctuation. As the tempo accelerates the singers overlap each other until they pass away a climax in the music together. Once Zerlina becomes interested in Don Giovannis proposition, she to the highest degree turns the tables on him, quite insistent, and each phrase near the end falls in pitch and gathers strength. The trills bear and become a melodic harmony, followed by short phrases in accelerating tempo. The vocal trills get faster and the final phrase rises and falls quickly in a musical orgasm of wonder harmony.This is definitely one of the finest duets ever written. It almost defies somaification, due to the mixture of styles and the catchy tunefulness of the melody. Some critics point out the differences in class among the characters and cite this as the reason for Mozarts almost fusion opera.When we moved to the lower class cha racters, especially Zerlina and Masetto, we noted some

Honours Analysis Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Honours Analysis - Math Problem ExampleCharacterizing of the hazan make up ones mind in terms of ternary is done when a historical number from the closed real interval 0, 1 belongs to cantor set with a ternary expansion containing digits 0 and 2. To construct this expansion, one has to guide the points in closed real interval 0, 1 in terms of base 3 notation.When constructing the Cantor midpoint Third set, we start with the interval 0, 1 removing the middle thirds , this leaves 0,1/3 2/3,1.The next step is to also remove the middle thirds (1/9, 2/9) and (7/9, 8/9) from the remaining two intervals. This process is repeated continuously. From the results, we can note that all the endpoints remain, which are the Cantor set.The total length of the intervals removed in the construction of the Cantor set can be indomitable as follows. From interval 0, 1 we first remove a middle third interval 1/3 second step we remove two middle intervals of 1/9. We continue with the process so that at the nth stage we remove 2n-1 intervals with the length 3-n. The total sum of the removed intervals isIt can be be that the Cantor set is perfect and totally disconnected. In this case, x and y are two translucent points in the cantor set. Since x y therefore x - y. As we can listen there is a natural number N that exists in the interval. Next we identify that Cantor set Ck for all k, such that x, y Ck. For each 2N disjoint closed interval from CN there is. Therefore, x and y are inside distinct closed intervals in CN. The two intervals should have an open interval amongst them, which is not part of the Cantor set otherwise this would be a single closed interval. The chosen point can be represented by z, therefore z Cantor set and it is among x and y. (Gordon, 1994, p. 301)If we put f in its inverse If x Q, then also - x Q. therefore f o f (x) = f ( f (x)) = f ( - x) = - (-x) = x. If x Q then f o f (x) = f (f (x)) = f (x) = x. Thus for all x R, we have that f o f

Profit Variance Analysis A strategic Focu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

clams Variance Analysis A stpacegic Focu - Es recount caseAlthough, prima facie, it would seem that the Company is growing at a fairly good growth rate and is in good financial health, this may not bring out the entire cast. It is very overmuch possible that certain find out indicators of trading performance, like merchandise shares, Contribution, net worth, ROI, and P/V Ratio, that is Profit volume ratios may not be as desired, but these vital parameters lie buried below the avalanche of profit statements.The Analysis reported in Table 3 fails to address certain key questions regarding the marketability of products. If the Company is a single product catering to a single market, things are easy. But, if the Company is multi-producted, having, say two or three diverse product lines, would it be logical to assume that they perk up the alike(p) markets and customers. This may not be true. Different products may have different markets, diverse customers and separate market sha res. To club all together, would be inadequate and misleading. Therefore, different market strategies, financial costing, and management accounting principles would have to be used for the different product lines. Only then would a clear and correct picture emerge regarding contribution, PV Ratio, ROI product wise, market share and estimation of fixed, variable, semi-variable and step-fixed variable costs be correctly estimated and determined. head teacher 2 Does a favorable variance imply favorable performanceAnswer 2 A favorable variance, or adverse variance, does not always imply favorable or adverse performance. The connexion between favorable and adverse variance on the one hand, and the favorable and adverse performance on the other, would depend upon the laying out of the strategies in the context of business, and it is only after evaluation of execution of these business strategies that it could be possible to adjudge, whether a favorable or adverse variance necessarily implies favorable or adverse product performance. (Govindarajan & John, 1989). Question 3 Table 4 shows a rather elaborate and flesh out analysis of variances of operating factors such as total market share, market share of the firm, sales mix, exchange price and costs. The analysis considers almost all, if not all, the factors that are of interest and importance to management. Why is this analysis sketchy Answer 3 An important aspect of variance analysis is the implementation of strategic goal settings and the aeonian comparison of actual performance with the targeted strategic goals. This method is connected with strategic analysis and aptly manifests the moment of integrating strategic planning with the assessment of the overall financial performance. The performance evaluation, which is a critical cistron of the management control process, needs to be embedded into the strategic structural framework of the firm for best results. In a Company, the different strategiesimpli es different specialized tasks and requires different corporate behavioral patterns for effective performance. In such a

Hitler's Mein Kampf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hitlers Mein Kampf - Essay ExampleIt later became part of Hitlers propaganda, a psychologically powerful technique use to draw support from and control the behavior of the irrational masses.In his view of society, Hitler puts the Aryan race at the top of the human ladder, branding them as the master or superior race. The Aryan culture is set forth as enlightened, since he maintains that this ethnic group is the source of all genius, knowledge and cultural and scientific getment. As culture-founders, the Aryans are responsible for or have influence over the knowledge of some other cultures Aryans are referred to as the founders of mankind.Other races are referred to as lesser or inferior races. As such, their cultures are non dominant, original or unique, simply a mere imitation of Aryan culture (the core) with external features or characteristics (the execution) that are particular to that other race. Therefore, other races are referred to as culture-bearers the creativity, ins piration and originality of their culture is due to strange influences and, when the original creative race nucleus (the cultural driving force) is lost, culture stiffens, cultural development loot and, according to his own words, darkness will again fall upon the earth and the world would turn into a desert. 2Hitler also describes Aryan supremacy as fate. ... He states that Aryans, as the master race, cannot subdue their role as supporters or developers of other human cultures since leadership is part of their genetic makeup. In this contestation he implies some form of divine intervention, the influence of some external force that has chosen Aryans as the supreme race to rule the world. Interestingly, Hitler admits the crucial role that other races play in cultural and scientific development. While Aryans special abilities make them adapt to all conditions and drive development forward, the presence of other races is implemental in this development as human auxiliary forces, as part of the machinery. Without the help of the lesser men, Aryans would neer have been able to achieve this higher culture. Inferior people, like animals, replace the lack of technical means. in like manner to animals, lesser races need to be tamed and trained to complete certain tasks, which in turn allows Aryans to develop techniques and procedures that substitute or replace them. He concludes that, once the lesser races have fulfilled their role and are no longer required, they can be eliminated, they may go.In this view of culture and society, Hitler places other races and their contribution below those of animals. He explains that lesser people fulfilled their role as forces before animals did for the development of the first culture known to man. However, in their role as masters and propagators of culture, Aryans made one misconduct they spared the lives of those individuals they had enslaved and gave them a better fate than the rest of the subjects from his pack, they gave them freedom. However, the subjected inferior races began to rise as they approached their masters linguistically and intellectually and the differences

In what ways did the New Right attempt to undermine social democratic Essay

In what ways did the New Right attempt to undermine social democratic approaches to poverty and welfare provision - demonstrate ExampleThe beliefs were allowed to shape all the semipolitical, economic and social policies following strict Darwinism (Neoliberalism, n.d).Neo-liberalism is a political proportionality consisting of two detached aspects that occasionally complement or say the opposite of each thought. The new political belief by the neo-liberals emphasizes the signifi merchantmance of the market mechanism being superior as an avenue for the apportioning of resources. On the other hand, there is an emphasis on the significance entity conscientiousness and freedom as a way of allocation, apart from the market forces. Thus, their notion supports limited intervention in the financial system by the regime. The suggestion affronted by the neo-conservatives premises on the formulation of conditions for the optimum efficiency of the private sector in the economy. Neo-conserva tives are likely to be inclined on calling for a repeat in deposition of conventional values on driving societal issues and oppose multicultural setting of the society (Wedd, 2000).The funding above is evidence that while the neo-conservatives are against government intervention in the market, they would support government upset on issues related to the way of life, which include morals and the way of life. For the market neo-liberals, the mechanism of the market can adequately address these issues.On poverty, the social democratic hold that a welfare state is brought some by the existence of a capitalistic societal setup. Further, it is believed that a capitalistic setup creates the stage for inefficiency and wastage. In such a state, the profits margins from businesses do not account for the welfare of the destitute, the poor and the disabled who displace up suffering. The general belief of the social democratic approach is that the societal members who are strong ought to p refer care of weak societal members. For this reason, the social democrats have a

Business Ethics (Part A) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics (Part A) - Essay ExampleOften times our myopic approach path does not allow us to see the long term possibilities of an ethical action, thus we up taking the shortest and easiest way to fulfil our immediate needs. Ethical dilemmas are prevalent in every aspect of our lifestyle, outset from social groups to work place environment. Velasquez et al (2010) mentioned that morality cannot be defined by any sensation definition, as it is dependent on a persons mentality. Some people define ethics as following their feelings, while other may believe that ethical practices are synonymous to phantasmal usage. However, on closer inspection it has been identified that our feelings oftentimes deviate from ethical practices and although several religious customs dictate ethical practices, it may vary across different religions (Bucaro, 2007). Moreover, ethics applies to a theist and unbelieving alike. An ethical practice also does not fall under legal criteria, because an activity although legal may be unethical. Ethics can be described as developing ones doings based on certain standards which dictates him to do the right thing in a societal context, which leave eventually yield a long term achievement or success (BBC, 2014).Running a business operation involves following a set of rules and regulations, which defines the governance of the company. The rules are set in such a way that the company can achieve its financial goals, while meeting the stakeholders have-to doe with at the same time (Rafner, 2014). Due to highly rivalrous marketplace, some companies create a competitive work environment, where the employees and workers are given steep targets to achieve. In such a competitive environment the employees often adopt certain unethical practices to achieve their target. In jobs involving direct sales, employees often fabricate and manipulate point of intersection related information to the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Assignment typeface wiz of the various changes experienced by the wellness dole out agreement is the change of continuum of precaution. Continuum of like refers to exponentiation of integration of various systems of care that assists patients from time to time through various means of services of wellness (Columbia University Medical Center, 2012). For example in the past care was restricted to health care organizations and settings, but right away health care providers are needed to provide services at different settings such as home and community centers. Now nurses are needed to be culturally competent so they squeeze out deal with different patients coming from different cultural backgrounds and understand issues in the context of patients culture. The heighten of health care systems used to be on helping patients get better, now the concenter has shifted to disease pr withaltion and individual well being. Accountability of the health care service providers have as ye t changed. In the past, care providers were paid for their services on the hind end of fee for each service. This promoted health care professionals to increase the number of services and they started focusing on quantity of service rather than quality of service. One method used to fix this issue is creation of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) such organizations have been promoted and authentic by restitution companies who cover health care and by the government. ACOs are created in such a way that certain amount of service providers obtain responsibility of caring for a batch of patients and focus is on treating and providing health service to the entire batch (Dickerson, 2011). Compensation is paid to these service providers by Medicare and insurance companies in return for saving the expenditure and cutting down the cost of intervention while providing truly high quality treatment to the patient. Another new system that is gaining popularity in health care system is pa tient centered medical homes, this system has not only changed the previous methods of providing care, and it has even increased the required amount of nurses and their competencies (Haney, 2012, p.5). Medical homes comprise of providing health care services in teams, the leader of this team is a physician and his task is to provide health care services to patients on an ongoing and continuous basis with the main aim of achieving higher quality health care for patients. This approach specializes in providing health care services to the youth, kids and adults. An important component of this system is care coordination and for the purpose of care ordination, highly trained supply is required who know how to use technological advancements and they should have the ability to work in teams. Surveys have shown that hatful have started giving importance to prevention of diseases and well being of individuals over healing diseases, this issue has even been addressed in legislative and fun ding for prevention has been increased by the government (HelathCare, 2012). The shift from treatment to prevention and wellbeing of patients and individuals has been given great importance by Nurse Managed Health Care Centers. These facilities hurry less than what physician led health care centers charge and there is an increase in accept for such centers because of the continuous increase in cost of health care services. The focus is on care systems that are community based has been increased and more people have been covered through health care insurance

Business law concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business law concepts - Essay ExampleAn employer has to hire wages even if no work is there for the employee to do. The common principle is that wages has to be give if an employee is accessible for work. This again depends on whether the terms in the contract are expressed or implied.The object lesson on hand with regard to Lessex Police Constabulary agree with Highspots Nightclub is similar to the case of Scottbridge Ltd v Wright wherein a night-watchman was called for to be on the building between 5 pm and 7 am either night. Other than some minor duties the watch man was mainly required to be in the expound to prevent any intruders. When the night watch-man claimed his wages the employer refused to pay saying that he had no work. The Court of session preserved the EAT judgment that he has to be paid at least the national nominal wage rate for the hours he was at work. It was in the hands of the employer to render him with work and just because he did not have any work to do will not nullify his right to be paid.

Discuss Carson's view in the context of the history of management Assignment

Discuss Carsons view in the context of the history of solicitude supposition and evaluate the relevance of McGregors theories to th - Assignment ExampleValuing employees boosts confidence in employees to work harder than prior performance. An impelling hands allows the organisation to earn success and profitability in the long run as well. only future strategic planning of the organisation can be successfully accomplished via an effective workforce performance. All talented and skilled employees need to be retained by the organisation they need to chequer that employees ar satisfied with the organisation (Guest, 2011). The organisation should work towards developing loyal employees for the firm. In the last equate of years, various researchers have studied the implications of management gurus works in contemporary organisations and have realised that firms are using them either as a fashion or fad they are not utilising them justly within their work context (Cennamo & Gardne r, 2008 McLean, 2009). Implementing the strategies within the work context can allows the organisation to accomplish coveted results of success. ... Majority of the researchers including Carson et al. (2002), Gallos (2005), Park and Ritson (2005), Tay and Diener (2011) and Wren, Bedeian and Breeze (2002) emphasised the need of modifying the applicable management theory according to the grow of a firm so that it can successfully design a work culture that ordain be supportive for its personal line of credit concern operations. With changing times, the employee mindset and the ways of performing job roles have changed thusly the management theories real by the earlier management gurus may require some modification in the present work culture. Carsons viewpoint about history of theory of management According to Carson et al. (2002) who unquestionable a theory known as theory of management fashion concluded from their studies that now-a-days the organisations are relying on the models of management that are developed by newly skilled experts commonly referred to as management gurus, consulting firms, business schools and business publications in mass media in events of uncertainty. These management gurus are discussed as examples in many of the business schools so that the new generation is well aware of both the prior and new developments in management theories. These models of management have variations from the prior management theories developed in the field of management studies. This theory has been developed keeping in view the variables considered in the management models and how these have been applied in present business scenarios. Carson et al. (1999), cited by Mohr, Young and Burgees (2011), stated that under situations of ambiguity, the corporations who are classified as management fashion followers emulate the innovation models which are promoted by the fashion-setting companies

Micro Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Micro Economy - Research Paper poserChoosing one alternative requires giving up a number of other alternatives. There is an opportunity toll involved in making excerptions. Opportunity cost is considered to be the most important concept in economics. It is the value of the best alternative that is given up in order to make a quality (Rittenberg and Tregarthen 2011). It is on these ideas that the theory of comparative profit is based. A country is deemed to have a comparative advantage in producing a good if it has a low opportunity cost n producing that good. Firms as considerably as countries have a comparative advantage in producing one good or go one service over another. It therefore means that since resources labor, capital are land are scrimpy they need to make a choice.The production possibility curve (PPC) is a graphical representation of the unlike juntos of goods and or services that can be produced in an economy with the resources and technology available. It br ings together the three concepts of scarcity, choice and opportunity cost. The choice of producing one good instead of another or a particular combination of goods reflects scarcity of resources, making a choice between alternative options, and highlights the concept of opportunity cost. The slope of the PPC represents the opportunity cost of giving up one good or service for another in the lineament of a simple two good/service model. It is this opportunity cost that is used to determine whether a comparative advantage exists. An economy is deemed to have a comparative advantage in the production of a good or service if the opportunity cost of doing so is lower for that economy than any other.Deardorff in his article entitled The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage though making the point in time that the law does not hold in multi-commodity world indicates that the comparative advantage determines the form that international swop exhibits (941). This propositi on, Deardorff indicates

Marketing principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

marketing principles - identification ExampleThe aim of the carry through had to be under the management of a marketing manager (Drummond & Ensor, 2005). either these definitions are important. Marketing has to be under the management of an individual with appropriate skills to accomplish the missions set. It is a process that ensures the organization meets its objectives in terms of sales of products and services, and it is a process that has to ensure the consumer gets what he or she wants. one common idea is that it is an organizational process meant to increase profits. This could be by making the customers aware of the populace of the product, informing the consumers of its benefits, or even enticing consumers to buy the product. Marketing is a vast field and involves a lot of other organization activities. The manner in which an organization conducts its activities asshole also be marketing. by path of their activities, people will get to know them and appreciate or g rade them, hence improving the characterization of the company. This is indirect marketing (Drummond & Ensor, 2005). ... This information is then disseminated across departments to ensure a specific aim is attained. It is any about an organization making use of the marketing concept as the basis for its marketing plans, therefore, proviso products that suit consumer preferences and tastes (Blythe, 2009). A perfect example is the production of iPhones by Apple and Samsung. These companies conducted thorough market research, put out the consumers desires, and used research and development techniques to develop what the consumer wanted the iPhone with mixed pleasing features. The companies then do use of promotional activities to inform the consumers about the product (AFP, 2013). Marketing oriented organizations also have to oversee what their competitors do, and the effect of such(prenominal) actions on consumer preferences and tastes. The organization should also analyze the e ffect of other exogenous factors (Blythe, 2009). Marketing oriented organizations can also be oriented towards marketing from a sales, product, production, or marketing perspective. This means that an organization can focus on marketing a specific product, can focus on increasing sales, and can focus on improving its production, or even marketing the whole organizations products. There are different perspectives that can be taken. In Tip-Top accessories for example, the manager can focus on increasing the sales of all the products hence identify marketing strategies appropriate for such an approach. The manager can also focus on the production approach, conducting market research and supplying products with features undeniable by the consumers, or the manager can just focus on appropriate marketing strategies for various products depending on the market environment, and the internal conditions

Cyber Terrorism and other types of terrorism in Australia Research Paper

Cyber Terrorism and otherwise types of terrorism in Australia - Research Paper ExampleThe practical difficulty in controlling cyber crimes do it one of the most dangerous terrorist activities of modern era. Since most of the critical beas of human life are reservation use of computers and internet at present, cyber rape can affect the social life drastically at heart a second. For practice session, transporting systems, power supply, military operation and telecommunication systems etc are relying heavily on computers and internet for its human activity jobs and functions at present. Any problems occurred in the functionality of computers and internet can affect these areas negatively and pee-pee immense redress to public life. This paper analyses the terrorism threats faced by Australia in general and cyber threats in particular. It is not essential that cyber attacks may create physical ham alone to Australia. In fact cyber attacks can be utilise to defame a country sim ilar Australia in front of others. The most common form of hacktivism is the defacing of vane pages to carry a message to the audience of that web site. The site shown in Figure below an Australian business defaced to accuse Australia of being a terrorist country, is a recent example of hacktivism as well as illustrating the tensions of the war on terror being transferred to the electronic realm (Ellsmore, p.5) The above webpage is a clear example of how the cyber attacks happening against Australia. Australia is a strong supporter of war on terror which is going on in Iraq and Afghanistan. Terrorists target all the countries which support war on terror in some way. Since most of the countries like Australia have strengthened the security measures against a physical or direct terrorist attack terrorists now adopting take of indirect attack. Cyber attacks give them the luxury of attacking their targets from a distance and the chances of arrest or punishment are extremely rare. Ev idence exists to suggest that al-Qaeda have also been using the Internet to collect & compare nurture about potential critical infrastructure targets (Ellsmore, p.6). Internet is an ocean of information. It is not necessary to piffle a place to collect information about it. All the details about all the places in the world are available on internet at present. It is easy for terrorist groups to collect and analyze this information before planning an attack on a particular target. The electronic information can be used for cyber attacks or even for physical attacks. According to the CERT Co-ordination Centre, the number of reported computer security incidents increase from 9,859 in 1999 to 52,658 in 2001, and we are on track for almost 100,000 in 2023. Similarly, the 2002 Australian Computer offense and Security Survey found that 67% of respondents suffered a security incident, twice the level of 1994 (Ellsmore, p.8). The above statistics are clear indications of growing threats f aced by Australia from cyber terrorism. Cyber attacks can affect the productivity of organizations and employment losses to the employees. In other words, cyber attacks can destroy affect the financial systems more than the lives of the people. The expenses needed to conduct a cyber attack are extremely cheaper compared to the expenses needed for a physical attack. At the same time cyber attacks can cause more damages to the target than a physical attack. Moreover, the publicity generated by cyber attacks may create little terror and disgust among the people. The above facts motivate terrorist in selecting cyber medium for their future channel of attack.

Comparing the Organizational Structure of Nonprofit Organizations and Research Paper

comparability the Organizational Structure of Nonprofit Organizations and For Profit Organizations - Research Paper Exampler an presidency is for-profit or non-profit, the organization exemplifies very diverse goals and objectives that are constructed around a particular strategical initiative and where any internal activities are aligned with these strategic objectives.It is the responsibility of an organization to not only fulfil its strategic goals, but to likewise satisfy the needs of very diverse and disparate stakeholder groups. To accomplish this, the organization must consider multiple dynamics, including economic policies within the organizations region of operations, internal capabilities to accomplish its strategies, securities industry conditions, social and cultural factors that will impact organizational strategy and be considerate of flexibility and transform internally that will allow the entity to evolve with changing external conditions or needs. In order for an organization to remain relevant in its region of operations and sustain long-term significance, the organization must forever adapt and develop contingencies to mitigate risks and better service stakeholders (Buchanan & Huczynski, 2010).Understanding that both for-profit and non-profit organizations have very disparate visions, electric charges and goals, the organization requires leadership and governance that can ensure regulatory compliances, develop a valuable intersection or service, promote a desired social or political change in a society, or generally remain competitive. Governance includes systems and oversights that direct and control an organization, inclusive of aligning management activities to strategic intention, performing various market analyses, ensuring all value chain activities effectively support the organizational mission and promoting change with minimal resistance (Tricker, 2009).For-profit and non-profit organizations operate quite differently in some dimensions, while also sustaining many similar characteristics. The most significant differences between non-profit and for-profit organizations are in

Juvenile Courts Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Juvenile Courts - Coursework showcaseSome moderns lacked the cognitive capacity to judge between the good and spoiled calling for proper hash out and rehabilitation for a given duration.According to the article, the intent of juvenile court establishment has changed with time. Juvenile courts were not meant to punish juvenile offenders but to give guidance through rehabilitation and counselling programs (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Juveniles, as mentioned in the article, lack the cognitive capacity to commit an offense intentionally. This is because they are still in the developmental format and through rehabilitation and counselling, they get to realise their mistakes or offenses.Today, some juvenile offenses are channelled to the adult courts and this is contrary to the initial juvenile court act as depicted by the article (Soulier & Charles, 2010). In the adult courts, criminals or offenders are subjected to harsh and weighty punishments that tend to be unbearable to the juve nile. A juvenile macrocosm in the developmental stage, should be advised and engaged in activities that boost their cognitive stamina or capacity. Many juveniles who have been incarcerated tend to repeat similar offenses due to lack of proper guidance. Some juveniles may also commit an offense due to psychological or mental problems. This makes it necessary to conduct medical checkup examination on a juvenile and administer possible psychological or mental therapies. each these activities should be within the jurisdiction of a juvenile court.According to the authors notion, abolishing juvenile courts is high-flown and important to the society. Juveniles in the contemporary world are treated as adults and this makes it difficult to reduce juvenile delinquency. Jailing of juveniles destroy their future because of the stigma and lack of cognitive stamina growth to differentiate good and bad (Soulier & Charles, 2010). Counselling and rehabilitation creates both psychological and me ntal awareness of

Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay Example for Free

Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay1. The definition of an ethnic group is a group of people of the alike(p) race or nationality that share the same cultural norms and values. 2. Three ways in which the facts of life system may encourage separation mingled with children of different ethnic backgrounds are Labelling and teacher racism, numerous teachers label their students and studies by interactionist sociologists found out that many teachers labelled caustic children as disruptive and they didnt want them in their class. Another reason is the ethnocentric curriculum. Troyna and Williams describe the curriculum in British schools as ethnocentric because it gives priority to white culture and the English language this causes separation between white pupils and other ethnic pupils. A last-place reason is the pick and segregation avail fit to schools. David Gillborn debates that marketization has given schools greater scope to select pupils. This puts some eth nic minority pupils at a disadvantage because selection gives more scope for negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions.3. at that place are many ways in which factors in childrens home background may run short to differences in achievement levels between ethnic groups. The first way is cultural deprivation this is split into 3 aspects. The first is sharp and linguistic skills. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many children from low-income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. Bereiter and Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income black Ameri stop families as inadequate for educational success.The next aspect is attitudes and values. Cultural deprivation theorists say that some black children are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic live for toady attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success. The final aspect of cultural deprivation is family structur e and parental support. Daniel Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner.to a fault Ken Pryce claims that Asians are higher achievers because their cukture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. However, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. As a result, many balck pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Another reason is Material deprivation and class. According to Flaherty Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are over three times more likely than whites to be in the poorest 5th of the population, as a result statistics show that Pakistani and Bangladeshi boys are among the lowest ethnic groups in the country to obtain 5 A-C GCSEs.A final reason is racism in wider society. David Mason says unlikeness is a continuing and persistent feature of the ex perience of Britains citizens of minority ethnic origin. 4. The differences in educational attainment between different groups of pupils have been a major(ip) focus of much sociological research. These differences can often be seen to be largely due to different social class, unless as well sex or ethnicity. Social class is the most significant and dominant factor when looking at these differences, but ethnicity also has a relative impact on educational achievement.Education has a key voice to play in eradicating racism and valuing diversity and it a responsibility for all educational establishments, including those with few or no ethnic minority pupils. Promoting racial equality demands a whole school approach and fealty from all those who are involved in the life and work of their school. Racism is linked to the educational achievement of minority ethnic groups, however the connections are complex.Gilborn and Mirza conclude that social class and gender differences are also a ssociated with differences in attainment but neither can account for persistent underlying ethnic inequalities canvas like with like, African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils do not enjoy equal opportunities. They also argue that in promoting educational inclusion as a means of raising standards, there is a necessitate for clarity and guidance in translating the commitment to equality and inclusion into policy proposals and practice at the local and school level.Many cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of under-achievement. Gordon Bowker identifies their lack of standard English as a major barrier to do in education and integration into wider society. However the Swann Report found that language was not a major factor in under-achievement. Other cultural deprivation theorists suc as Charles Murray argue that a high tread of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to the under-achieve ment of some minorities.Also Anthony Flew believes that ethnic differences in achievement stem from cultural differences outside the education system, not discrimination at bottom it. However Geoffrey Driver criticises the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family, far from being dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong independent wome Driver argues this is why black girls scarper to be more successful in education than black boys.Some socilogists that the ethnic differences in education are cause by racism. John Rex shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty approach by ethnic minorities. In housing, for instance, discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be coerce into substandard acoomodation than white people of the same class. This creates separation due to the ethnic children not being able to mus e at home and therefore getting lower grades than the white children who are able to study at home.

European influence in Africa Essay Example for Free

European act upon in Africa EssayThe presence of Europeans in African countries had a great influence on the culturalal benefits, traditions and norms of Africans. African societies were composed of small ethnic groups bound by deep cultural and handed-down benefits. striver trade in North Africa disintegrated these cultural systems. The entry of Europeans in North Africa led to suspension of those small indigenous units into modular states that could be easily controlled by the colonial rule. They abolished the indigenous legal systems and oblige new legal systems based on European concepts of law. North Africa was integrated into the world capitalist system, where its of import function was to provide raw materials and new markets for Western industrial revolution. This led to imposition of taxation forcing Africans into bum wage labor. Land grabbing and alienation in settler colonies made it impossible for the economy of the colonized countries to grow. This is because the colonial administrations only developed areas they saw fit for their benefit and it led to growth of colonial cities much(prenominal) as Dakar, Lagos and Nairobi.Westernization in North Africa led to the rise of Christianity and reduced the number of Muslims in sub Sahara, which contributed to the destabilization of Africa traditions and cultural benefits. Christianity promoted the assimilation of new ideas and new lifestyles such as monogamy and nuclear family. African societies believed in polygamy and wide families. This is being practiced even to day. Christian missionaries introduced Western education, which involved mastery of European language and literacy.The bankers acceptance of new habits and tastes coupled with Christianity and western education, led to the development of a new elite that included teachers, clerks, lawyers and doctors. Slave trade degraded the value of African people because they were used against their will to benefit the European economy. This wedge negatively on African leaders because somewhat still practice slave trade today. Europeans brought about, modernization in Africa in terms of Western education, Christianity and Western lifestyles. European influence in Asia (1650-1815). sec eastern United States Asia comprised of societies that varied in different aspects. Main societies in south East Asia included China, Thailand and Cambodia, therefore European influence on South East Asia varied extensively depending on indigenous states. Societies in South East Asia had very distinct traditional beliefs and rulers who reigned with a conviction of permanency and stability. Europeans created new economic relationships in South East Asia by establishing new industries like rubber production and improvement of traditional ones such as rice and sugar industries.They were improved and expanded to meet the European needs. Communities in Cambodia protested against economical changes when agribusiness in form of plantation far ming was introduced. Europeans aimed to make the traditional elaborations modern. This was received positively by some south East Asians who had been trained in Western schools. They believed that Western culture would have positive effect on their cultural and economical backgrounds. The elites adopted the European language and mode of dressing.Adoption of the Western culture led to political, economical and social growth in Asia. However, it was difficult to assimilate the European culture and lifestyles in Asia because of the diversity of Asian cultural customs and traditions. Asia is composed of Muslim, Christianity and Buddhism and therefore impacting Christianity in Asia was difficult. These traditional settings emphasized on unifying of social, economic, political and social spheres, though it is impractical to unify all the spheres.The influence of Europeans in Asia was super varied and uneven throughout the expanse. They used superior military technology to achieve conq uest and monopoly. The Lusitanian invasion of Malacca led to the decline of the trade systems as they tried to dominate the spice trade. The European therefore, caused the detachment of producers form their traditional markets. As a result the powerful trading cultures in southeast Asia collapsed due to colonial influence. European influence was limited to the coastal ports and the adjoining regions.Peasant life in Asia was not affected by the European influence as they remained inside the confines of their village. (Alagappa 130-138). European influence in inwardness East (1825-1941). Middle east societies combined religion with governance of their states. European powers overwhelmed the region and tried to separate governance from religion. They replaced the indigenous educational, social and political systems through modernization. The Kuranic schools were replaced by the Western education.Middle east is an Islamic region that viewed European powers as enemies for creating Chr istianity in the Muslim dominated region. This created a virtuoso of distrust of the Europeans by the Arabs. Europeans faced great resistance form the Arabs who used national movements to adopt anti-western speeches in order to gain favor from their people.. European powers in the Middle East replaced the Muslim leaders by non-Muslim leaders to create artificial political territories since they did not arise from the societies.They created states that had conflicting ethnicities and divided other ethnic groups into two or three portions. For instance they divided the Kurds into Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. (Kaelble 120-127). Dividing ethnic communities stirred political aspiration and violence in the Middle East. It also created instability among the Arabs, preventing political, social and economical development. The Arabs formulated revenge missions to the Europeans and resisted whatever form of invasion whether political, economical, educational or social.

Complete Course Material Essay Example for Free

Complete tend Material EssayMGT 426 Complete Course Material MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 1 Why is change necessary? What about change is unquiet? How can meeting the challenge of change become organizational opportunities? MGT 426 Week 1 DQ 2 miscellanea what is in it for me? What is the cycle of change? What argon some examples of continuous change? What are some examples of discontinuous change? What are some differences among continuous and discontinuous change? MGT 426 Week 1 idiosyncratic Assignment Article Review MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 1 What is organizational culture? What is the relationship between shared vision and organizational culture?How does organizational culture affect an organizations might to cope with change? MGT 426 Week 2 DQ 2 How does modeling a change process drive on change? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the three change models? What are some applications of the three change models? MGT 426 Week 2 Individual Assignment Roles of Managers and Individuals newspaper publisher MGT 426 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Managing heighten Paper part I MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 1 Why is it important to do a cattle ranch analysis? How do you apply gap analysis to the change models? Give an example of when you may character a gap analysis. MGT 426 Week 3 DQ 2 What are the steps in implementing change? What should you lot when selecting a change implementation model? Explain. MGT 426 Week 3 Individual Assignment Resistance to Change Paper MGT 426 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation sectionalization II MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 1 How do you measure the progress of change? How do you cope change has been institutionalized? How do you determine what changes have occurred? MGT 426 Week 4 DQ 2 What organizational systems are impacted by the cycle of change? Explain. What systems are not as easily impacted by change?Why or wherefore not? MGT 426 Week 4 Individual Assignment moral philosophy During Change paper MGT 426 W eek 4 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper Part III MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 1 What characteristics of a learning organization do you see in your organization? What can your organization do to transform into a learning organization? MGT 426 Week 5 DQ 2 How closely does your organization follow Senges five disciplines? Is this useful? Why or why not? MGT 426 Week 5 Individual Assignment Learning Organization Paper MGT 426 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Managing Change Paper and Presentation Part IV

Mobil IP Essay Example for Free

Mobil IP EssayA Mobile IP address allows users to connect to the Internet without a normal unchanging or dynamic IP address through the use of a unique expeditious IP address. This unique address lets the computer connect through a network to a post IP address but still utilize and communic have with the networks protocol. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Mobile IP?Advantages 1) Portabilityvirtually anyplace there is access 2) Convenience sustained connection while traveling between access points 3) Scalability construct for large, expansive networks so it is always easy to expand it 4) Consistency a user can adduce the same IP address across all of the subnets they travel between while the router on their home subnet intercepts and forwards all incoming information to them across the network via a network tunnel 5) desegregation Mobil IP solutions do non require an additional network, but earlier integrate with a true network schematic and because of the standa rd it has set many of the appliances have networking abilities nowDisadvantages 1) Security Data mustiness be transformed so that authorized parties only decode it Authentication, or approving or disproving individuals identity Ensuring that data cannot be changed without having that change be detectable Proving a source direct data and the possibility of that data being denied2) Triangle Routing The delivering of packets as directly as possible from send node to mobile node without passing through a home agent, this is obviously a problem since route from sender to mobile node by way of the home agent takes two sides of the triangle, rather than the third side, which is the direct path. 3) Perception of reliabilityrefers to the premise of Mobile IP connections are based on TCP surviving cell changesWhat are the typical installations of Mobile IP? Typical installations where you find mobile IP is for laptop or phone use though tablets and other systems are catching up.Do you think Mobile IP will increase in popularity? Why or why not? With the struggle to stay up to date and to have access to files for company use at meetings, I think it is a real deal to say that popularity will continue to rise. There are issues with the engineering but look how many bugs were in Windows 95 when it hit the market and people still ate it up. A lead and award-winning developer of desktop, tablet and mobile VoIP software products and solutions, today announced that its industry-leading Bria softphone is powering Network Norways all-new Mobil IP service. As part of the Tele2 Group, Network Norway is an innovative service provider focused on enabling leading edge business solutions such as their new Mobil IP whirl. Mobil IP is an SMB and enterprise focused offering that extends a customers mobile number to all devices including iOS and Android smartphones, tablets, PCs and Macs.

ICT - Changing the System of a Video Library Essay Example for Free

ICT Changing the System of a Video Library actIdentify sectionThe current system of rules is a hand written and hand handled by Mr Roberts. It is a paper database where all expatiate of the phalluss, transaction and return details are stored. Mr Roberts currently operates all the system by himself and he does this to keep a record of all the bookings step to the fore of the television sets, he does this by pen. He finds the page in the book allocated to the member, writes when the person needs to bring it back in, takes the payment then gives the goggle box to the member. When a new member joins Mr Roberts takes all the details depressed in his book, then gives the new member a member consequence. Mr Roberts has to check every night for overdue characterizations. When a members page is full, then Mr Roberts has to corroborate a new page, this just adds to the ever-growing file of Mr Roberts.There are lots of problems with the system, it is very slow, it would wear d own with over enforce, he bottom non cope with the growing number of customers, He has to check every night to forecast which moving pictures are overdue and hand type each letter and send them off the same night. This would be increasingly difficult when lots of members join. A nonher problem is that the videos all take hold to be numbered and when a video is taken out a card is put in the original case giving the video number and return date.The new system would piddle to display all the details of the members on iodin screen and show when last rental and return was. It should be able to show all overdue videos on one screen. It should be very fast and speed up up all aspects of the take a shit. If the database is faster and easier to argue then the number of members will increase and therefore so will the profit.Jonny SharpePossible solutionsMr Roberts could solve all his problems by using a register cabinet. This would solve all his problems with randomness handling. The advantages of this would be that a filing cabinet is easier to cope than a filing book, the disadvantages are that it is still based on paper and they could well be damaged or lost. An other problem is that it is still cadence consuming and would not be any faster, if anything slower than before.Another way to cope with this problem is putting all the files onto a data processor. The computer would store all the tuition easily. The advantages of this are that it would significantly improve the speed and ease of running the video shop. The disadvantages are that it may cost a lot of money and all staff may not be trained in how to use a computerA computer program could be writ but expertise would be needed for this and this expertise I do not have. The near best alternative is that you could use a already existing program such as Microsoft Access. The information would be stored on multiple spread sheets, the information would consist of all the members details and the vide o details as well. These would be good because they can handle lots of multiplications and can search through informationMark fosterSystem ChoiceMicrosoft office xp professional edition.Pcworld 519 Inc vatAny computer could be chosen as long as it has Microsoft access and a printer for printing reports.Software excuseJustify choice of softwareWord The program needs to handle amount but banter is very good at typing letters.Excel This program would be ok for the video shop but there would have to be 1 sheet for the videos and 1 sheet for the members details. This program would not be able to type letters up and print the letters off.Access This program is excellent, this is because you can merge the video details and the members details together to give records of loans. This program can also cook reports in letter form and print them off.Data needed1. This database is for the videos, it should show the number code, name.2. Members details should be shown on this page, name, addr ess, membership number, telephone number, current video rented and the date it is due back.Design sectionThis shows that I have made two tables to store information, one for the members details and one for the video details. I have entered 50 videos and 5o members into the tables. I have designed the system to alert me when there are overdue videos and to be able to book out videos and book in videos with ease. I coupled the two together by making a link between the membership number and the video number as shown below.These adjacent pictures are of my queries. They are update queries which update booking in and booking out of videos. They are linked between the two tables and display the videos booked out and the membership number of the person along with most details.This is my form design. The form is for a member to fill in to automatically add his details to the members table.This is my report. This is essentially to inform members that they are in possession of a overdue v ideo and they need to return it.Members have their own membership no and each video has its own video number. This way members and videos dont get assorted up.This is an application form for the video shop, members are asked to fill out basic details.Analysis1) What do I need from my database.I want it to store information about my members, including their name, address, telephone number, membership number, date of birth. in addition in each members record will be stored the video they have rented (its code, not its title to speed things up) and also the date it is due back. Customers can only rent one video per day and it mustiness be returned the next day.I also want the database to store information about the videos, including its code, title, price, certificate and category, eg horror, action, drollery etc.I want a system that will let me book videos in and out very quickly, just by entering the members number and the video code.I also want a system to check which videos hav ent been returned and create a letter that could be sent out if it hasnt been returned after 1 week. Sometimes people forget they have it so this should be a polite reminder. If they havent returned it after 2 days, then I usually phone them, so I would need it to produce a joust of names and telephone numbers.I will answer the other questions at a later time as there are customers in the shop.Regards. Mr Roberts2) To collect data from new members I have a form that they fill out. They write on it their name, address, tel. number, and date of birth. I write their new membership number on it.3) Each member has a membership number. It is a four-digit number, starting at 1000.4) I dont use credit card details as there is too much security needed.5) For new members I need two forms of identification, one with their name and address, i.e. a bank statement or gas card for example and one with their photo on, i.e. theirs drivers licence or passport.6) I havent got a password system. If y ou think I should have one let me know how you think it would work. The problem is that customers would have to tell me their password and other customers could overhear it so it wouldnt be that secure.EvaluationI think the final product meets the standards set by Mr. Roberts. The only mistakes I have made is that I have given the example members, membership numbers starting at 200 and they are only 3 digit. The final product can do everything specified in the design requirements made by Mr. Roberts.The opinions of the users would be on the questionnaire I made.The only improvements that could be made to my database is that I could maybe produce an automatic report displaying all the information of the member on a report whos video is late, instead of just having a basic template.

The Ottoman Empire Paper Essay Example for Free

The puff pudding stone Paper EssayThe Ottoman conglomerate was one of the ancient yet one of the most effective and influential world imperiums. The history of this empire begins whatsoevertimes during the 13th century. In their bid to enlarge their grunge they took no consideration to both limits or boundaries be it religious, tribal or other(a)wise. This empire is also viewed as one of the civilized empires of the modern times.The empire was more of a military administration than a state. The empire is considered to have lasted a considerably longer time than any other empire. The rulers of this empire were known as grand Turks or Hunkar or Emperors and were all Islam. Suleyman the Great was the Sultan who ru lead the longest while Amurath ru direct for except three months making him the shortest ruling sultan. The sultans always emerged from the Ottoman family who were strict followers of the Quran. Honesty, hard work and kind-heartedness were principles that le d the Ottoman Empire. Sermons were always read in the name of the reigning Sultan at that time. both property belonging to the Sultan was known as Royal or imperial. Having discussed that much on the organisation and general history of the Ottoman of the empire, it is of utmost importance to now look at the empire more critically and find out impacts of the Ottoman Empire especially on the Umma Muslims. Though the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful and civilized ancient empires of the world, it also had its weak points during its reign. This paper specifically focuses on some of those weak points and particularly the mismanagement that was witnessed when the empire was in power leading to component among the Umma Muslims. A critical analysis of the Ottoman Empire reveals various setbacks that the dynasty experienced and this affected directly or indirectly the unity of the Ottoman Muslims.According to the traditions of the Ottoman Empire, when a Sultan died one of his so ns would become the next Sultan. in time there were no proper strategies as to who would become the next Sultan. thither was whence no give the axe criterion of selecting a Sultan. This led to bloodshed as the one who eventually emerged victorious had to eliminate his rivals for rear and calmness to prevail. This obviously went against the teachings of the Muslim religion. Some Muslims supported the method while others were totally opposed to it as it contravened the teachings of the Holy Quran. This led to division among the Muslims. A nonher depicted object that led to the division of the Umma Muslims was the level of respect accorded to the sultans. The Sultans were well-nigh equated to Allah the God of the Muslims. For instance during prayers sermons were read in the name of the current Sultan. Some Muslims however mat up that this was disconsolate because ordinarily sermons were supposed to be read in the name of Allah the Mighty one. This therefore led to division amon g Muslims thereby breaking the unity between them. As discussed earlier Sultan Suleyman served for 40 years and therefore goes downwards the history of books as the longest serving Sultan. The major role of the Sultan was to ensure that arbiter and fairness was exercised. Cases of injustice were rare as the Sultan made sure that the laws were followed to the letter. Any injustice and manginess called for the direct intervention of the Sultan.Scholars and theologians believe that one of the reasons why the Ottoman dynasty declined and eventually collapsed was because the Sultans who succeeded Sultan Suleyman were not sharp on protecting the interests of the citizens in terms of justice. The neglect by their leaders led to Umma Muslims to lack fealty for their leaders and thereby there was disunity among them. When Sultan died his son Selim II took over the leadership of the dynasty. His behavior was perfectly intolerable and contributed a great deal in causing disunity among th e Muslims. He was an addict of alcohol and would devolve most of his days drinking therefore forgetting his administrative role. He was also a lover of women and a sex addict vices that are heavily condemned in the Holy Quran. Due to his negligent nature, he all in all disengaged himself from making decisions that affected the cat valium people directly or indirectly. This made the Muslims to be disloyal to the Sultan and thereby led to a lot of division. As a consequence the Ottoman dynasty came tumbling down marking the end of the great dynasty. (Paul, 1971) At the end of the sixteen century Ottoman was still a rattling strong dynasty and influential too. However the Sultan style of leadership was slowly becoming less-traveled thus losing ground. In its place was the bureaucratic power method of ruling. However this method of power was very the pathway to the decline and collapse of the worlds most influential empire. This was so because bureaucracy led to corruption neglecti ng the needs and interests of the people. As a result, there was a lot of unpopularity of the government among the joint people. This led to division among the Muslims and eventually the dynasty collapsed. (Leslie, 2003) Historians also believe that another major contribution to disunity among the Ottoman Muslims was ine shade by successors of Sultan Suleiyman. As discussed earlier during the reign of Sultan Suleiyman the Central government was accessible so that any person who had grievances would present them before the leaders. However with the change of leaders, the new leaders ranked themselves so highly that they were not accessible. The Muslims lost faith in their leaders consequently there was disunity and eventual collapse of the dynasty.The leaders promoted people to power without using the right criteria. in that respect was gross unfairness and this brought to the highest degree strife among the common people. This in turn led to divisions among the Muslims as some fe lt that they were discriminated against in their own country. At some point the leaders exuded high level of negligence as far as matters pertaining people were concerned. The common people revolted and as a result there was disunity. This led to internal attacks. Another major issue that brought well-nigh division due to poor management of power by the leaders was the issue of period upon the death of a Sultan. As already discussed if the deceased Sultan was without an heir or that he had some(prenominal) sons there was stiff contest that always led to bloodshed. Scholars strongly believe that this may have play a major role in division of the Umma and the eventual collapse of the kingdom. A notable trace between the Ottoman Empire and other empires was that they were during the Ottoman Empire there was step downdom especially for the non-Muslims to coiffure their own religion. This brought division among the Muslims as some felt that other religions were equated to their reli gion and this they found to be very offensive. As a result there were massacres and discrimination. This led to a great division among the Muslims most of whom felt that though no religion should be equated with the Muslim religion Massacre was a sin as it contravened the Holy Quran. There was also an element of divide and rule that leaders in power utilise in attempt to gain popularity. The leaders would therefore incite the people against their own. The people fought each other over small disputes but this was the plan of the leaders in order to rule them more easily. This was a great power mismanagement that saw the Muslims divide into big factions depending on whose side they actually belonged. (Shaw, 1977) There was great self-centeredness and selfishness among the leaders which again brought division. This was especially so when it came to sacramental manduction of resources. There was unfair sharing and distribution of resources that brought hatred and thus division among t he Muslims. The leaders but considered themselves and their families forgetting the rest of the people. Some people felt sidelined and as a result there were factions and consequently these groupings led to division among the Umma Muslims. Another challenge that the Ottoman Empire faced was classification of Muslims. The Shia Muslims, the Umma and other classifications. Every class felt that they dominated the rest. This again brought about division because all classes of Muslims felt that they would want to be considered superior to the rest. This eventually brought about division among the Muslims as no group agreed to be treated as lesser of the other. The major division came about when some groups demanded that the rest of the groups must convert and become one of their own. Division also arose when the dynasty made arrangements to clamber other kingdoms. The empire could not reach an agreement as to who would go to the war. This again brought division because those not select ed felt that they were not given an opportunity to fight for themselves thus there were differences on these grounds. There is also drop off mismanagement of the empire by the leaders when they did not give ample protection to their own. nigh of the promises made by their leaders were never fulfilled or honored. The leaders who took after Suleiman put their interests first off and forgot the people. The people were neglected and those who were treated well were just a small group. This discrimination resulted to obvious indifferences thereby there was disunity among people who were once united.(Donald,2005)As discussed earlier, after the death of sultan Suleyman, so many things changed. subversion was very rampant especially when it came to provision of basic social amenities to the people. Services that were normally offered free had to be paid for and as result there was agitation and revolt among the people leading to division. There was a gross alteration of rules, laws and policies that governed the people. The leaders made alterations in their favor. The common people were very disappoint and began to rebel. The rebellions and revolts ended up in bringing divisions among the once united Umma Muslims community. The other major cause of interruption was education in that there are those who were provided with good quality education while the rest could only access the traditional education. This in turn was reflected in terms of development so that those with high quality education were seen to develop more than the rest. This led to social classification and thereby division. From the various issues discussed it is very clear that decline and eventual collapse of the Ottoman kingdom was caused by issues affecting them internally and not attacks and conquest by Europe and other world powers. It is the mismanagement by their leaders that led to the division of the Umma Muslims and at last the most powerful and influential dynasty in the ancient time s collapsed.Works CitedQuartaert Donald. The Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 2005Peirce Leslie. Law and sexual activity in the Ottoman Court, New York. University of California Press, 2003Shaw Stanford. History of the Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977Wittek Paul. Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, B. Franklin, 1971

Indicator and Determinants of High Blood Pressure Essay Example for Free

Indicator and Determinants of High Blood Pressure EssayThis paper implements the indicators and determinants of high occupation impel in men. Many studies get measure the effect of Hypertension among men of different ethnical and socio-economic backgrounds. socioeconomic is one major determinant which influences high blood closet in men. High blood insisting is a major illness in the human population, especially among men. High blood is normally called a silent killer due to the fact that there little to no symptoms. Fifty to fifty-eight trillion people suffer from hypertension with the increasing population being Afri bunghole Americans (John, n. . ).Steven was a 55 social class old African American male that came into the hospital with complaints of a severe headache. Patients had no prior recital of hypertension but blood pressure was taken with the result of 180/101. Patient states that he has a family history of cardiovascular diseases. Mother and Father suffered fr om hypertension as a result of obesity. Steven has worked for the United States postal Service for 30 years and is under a lot of stress due to work. He is a chronic smoker and drink on occasions.The first medical professional that saw Steven was the ER twist who cared for the patient and in returned referred Steven for follow up care with his caregiver (Primary Care Physician). Before Steven saw his angel dust the ER (Emergency Room) recompense prescribes him Amlodipine 10mg 2 xs daily. The squad that delivered care for Stevens hypertension was as follow * Dr. Ogalvie- PCP (Primary Care Physician) -Which his role is to, determines the best care for Steven and his hypertension. Provide a manage care purpose and to concord use of specialists and make referral that co- inside with Steven discourses.Nancy Bracey-Nurse practitioner- The role of the Nurse Practitioner is to work as support to the Doctor when he is unable to make patients appointment or if he is in an emergency s urgery. The Nurse Practitioner sometime plays a vital role in Steven words. She is able to help in Steven give-and-take, which includes orderliness tests, conducting physicals, and ordering medicines. * Beth Anderson- RN- Registered nurses treat and educate patients in a clinical setting, safekeeping records of medical histories and performing diagnostics.Most RN work with patients and their families to teach them how to manage cardiovascular disease, educate them on dietary and other measures of minimizing heart run a risk and help patients with postoperative rehabilitation. * Lisa Coleman Dietitian- The primary role of a Dietitian is to promote healthy and holistic healthcare. Steven dietitian educating him on good healthy eating habits. She also explained to him that exercising most important in keeping his blood pressure down. She also put him on a 1200 calorie diet to follow as part of his managed care formulate.Data has shown and been a proven fact that hypertension is very prevalent in men, especially African American men. Many indicators can relate to hypertension such as socioeconomic statuses like where one live, employed or unemployed or a family base support schema can all be factors. In Steven case some of the indicator were glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and obesity (SABPA, (2012). wholly of these symptoms can be a target for organ damage.Steven also deals with anthropometric indicators which according to Rahimi, (2012) The partial correlation coefficient coefficient was apply to quantify the association between all anthropometric indicators with hypertension. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of all anthropometric indicators on the variance of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Rahimi, (2012) states Adult male population of Fars province had a high prevalence of hypertension, overweight and obesity which can be handled through healthy diet and physical exercis es.Steven dietitian stresses the important of holistic healthcare such as healthy eating habits and exercising on a regular basis. Other indicator was the difficultys of inner dysfunction that Steven suffered in his marriage. Steven stated that he was unable to perform with his wife due to the high blood pressure medicine that he was taken. Rahimi, (2012) state Thus sex, education, and for the most part, race were not independently associated with a failure to be aware or to enter treatment.Rahimi, (2012) says Sex and the number of antihypertensive dose days were independently associated with blood pressure control. According to Steven physician Steven was also put on an enhancement drug to help with sexual dysfunction. According to Rahimi, (2012) Vigorous public efforts led by the internal High Blood Pressure Education Program and embraced by physicians groups and the pharmaceutical industry has steadily better blood pressure outcomes in the past 20 years.Rahimi, (2012) To thi s point, however, overall increases in control have largely been driven by increases in awareness and entry into treatment among people with hypertension. Rahimi, (2012) notwithstanding great technical advances, specifically the development of a wide range of new antihypertensive drugs and drug classes the process of care available in the community has not changed to any great extent and treatment itself remains highly inefficient.Rahimi, (2012) As an asymptomatic, chronic illness, hypertension does not pose a problem of diagnosis or cure, but rather the challenge of daily vigilance and ongoing commitment to treatment. Rahimi, (2012) For most people such as Steven with high blood pressure periodical visits to the physicians office just now do not produce the desired outcome. As a result of data Steven were treat and educated on manage control through medication, diet and exercise. The disparities of socioeconomic are due to his measly health outcome.The profound to controlled h ypertension is patient follow-up, a managed care plan and patient education. In Steven treatment plan the impact of the team base approach is to effectively promote a managed care plan that is efficient in regulating Steven hypertension. The main key is to educate Steven on a post treatment plan and follow-ups care. One analysis of Steven resource and saving would be that Steven partake in his company health program which in returned will save and give him an incentive on his current insurance plan. at last the advantage of a team base approach in Steven case would be that each man-to-man on Steven medical team would strategically come up with alternative plans of action and a plan of care that will effectively help in the treatment of Steven hypertension. Each medical professional on Steven team will play an active role in the quality of care for Steven. Again the key component is to stabilize Steven high blood pressure through healthy eating habits and exercise. The scope of tea m base approach is logically come up with a solution in helping Steven take for life through longevity of the hypertensive care plan that is put in place

Of Mice And Men Language Essay Example for Free

Of Mice And Men Language endeavorThe importance of this emitage, which introduces the closing section of the novel, is that it refers to what has happened earlier in the story and what is about to happen. It represents symbolically the characters, events and ideas of the story so far and prefigures the final tragedy.The setting is the same as at the beginning of the novel, a clearing on the banks by the deep green pool of the Salinas River. In the first paragraph Steinbeck conveys once more, now briefly, the witness of the natural scene, the paradise from which mankind has been cast out. Now however the circumstances are very distinct and returning to the same setting suggests a circular movement of events, getting nowhere, just also as a downward spiral. Lennie is in trouble again and more seriously than ever before he has killed Curleys wife. The dream he and George shared is already dead.There is a disturbance to the scene, a far mission of wind and a scattering of lea ves, the only sounds breaking the silence. The rivers surface is briefly disturbed, but as promptly as it had come, the wind died and the clearing was quiet again. By this Steinbeck reminds us of the smallness and insignificance of the events of the novel. They will quickly pass and be forgotten.A water snake glided swiftly up the pool, this represents Lennie, twisting its periscope head from side to side. Lennies mess is limited by his dull wits and he doesnt foresee the fate towards which he is blundering. A hoagy waiting in the shallows seizes the little snake by the head and swallows it while its tail waved frantically. Lennies size and efficacy are insignificant, uselessly matched against much larger forces, such as the society he lives in. This reflects another al-Qaeda of the novel the powerful look out over and prey upon the weak.This is the situation of the migrant labourers, who own nothing but their tycoon to work, in relation to the Boss who has wealth and land an d who exploits his labourers. It is reflected too in the pecking order on the spreading the weak ones Lennie, Crooks and Candy are at the mercy of the strong. Crooks dominates Lennie and Curleys wife dominates Crooks. Carlson, with Slims consent, dispatches Candys dog. Curly is ever present attempting to dominate everyone, except Slim, by physical violence and through his relation to his father.When Lennie appears out of the brush the heron fly off and a second little snake, representing George, finds refuge from the heron in the reeds. This signifies that George is clever enough to bear out of trouble, including that brought on by Lennie.Lennie has come to the river bank because George told him to meet him there if he got into trouble. This was in the gap section of the novel, where Steinbeck compared Lennie to a bear he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. This suggests clumsiness, but now it is the bears stealth that he refers to Lennie c omes as silently as a creeping bear moves. He is directed now by his instinct, not just following George. The repeated bear simile reminds the endorser again of the circular movement of the story but Lennies soundless entry also makes us deal of him as a spirit, anticipating his death.The passage reflects a number of ideas in the novel the beauty of nature and the sin of military personnel nature the insignificance of human affairs the futility of human effort and the fragility of dreams. The predatory nature of human existence, a major theme in the novel is represented symbolically in the action of the heron, reminding the endorser of various episodes earlier in the story. The characters of George and Lennie are illustrated in the different fates of the two little snakes. Lennies death is prefigured in that of the first water snake, also in his spirit-like appearance on the scene. In this way Steinbeck sets the scene at the river bank in context. The reader sees the hopelessnes s of Lennie and Georges situation, their powerlessness in the circumstances they find themselves in and foresees the tragic end.

Issues Affecting the Aged Essay Example for Free

Issues poignant the Aged EssayThe human being is flesh and blood with built-in sensors and mechanisms, components which enable him to respond to a variety of stimuli that surround him. Being a sensual creature, an individual is confined and dependent to the workings of his soundbox. And be baffle the body shape ups and deteriorates through time, it is better to know and become aw be of the changes that it goes through to be able to help oneself, or a loved one who is already in his/her senior years, when time comes these changes manifest. Because of the fact that the body deteriorates as it ages, this has set limitations to mans whole sensible founding.The world of human anatomy and physiology is much(prenominal) a very interesting subject which every soulfulness is at home. All the nooks and crannies in his body emit volumes of significance and relevance to his myriad of experiences that whatever new information is available to be learned on the workings of his physiolo gy, it will be of ut almost importance to him. This paper attempts to convey to the reader the most reciprocal and prevalent issues which include primarily the changes that argon brought upon individuals unique to the stage of human development labeled as the aging years.It in that locationfore seeks to capture the essence of the aging years their joys and sadness, the struggles and pains, as well as their prospect of what tomorrow might be with or without a loved one beside them. Discussion Central to soul the issues pervading the stage of the youthful adulthood is the fact that umpteen behavioral scientists as well as mainstream knowledge had made significant breakthroughs to enable every person today to nonplus a grasp in understanding what it is like to be an aging person. The following distinctions are made to specifically address many of the issues.A. Biological changes that occur in late childhood and how health and fitness affect the aging process. These physical ch anges during the so-called sunset years are described and explained in the following primal aspects of vision, earshot, and muscles and bones. VISION Studies showed that by the age of forty, human eye starts to diminish in its capacity to perceive objects. The reason for this is that at this age (40 years), the pupil of the eye begins to reduce in its size, diminishing its ability to see clearly.In this condition, adults need copy or triple amount of illumination to be able to read, distinguish, and even respond to the transportments of things around (Smith et al, 1990). This explains why in sports, athletes who are in their late thirties or those who are forty years of age, are considered to be old already, while in other fields, to have reached the fourth decade is to begin life. As is often said, life begins at forty ( Sensory Changes with Aging, http//www. uatpat. org). HEARINGThe prospect of losing ones hearing is alarming. When still young, deal do not entertain such as a possibility. Statistics, however, show that 30% of flowerpot over the age of 60 have their hearing ability weakened. As people act to age to pass more than the age of 70, the problem is getting worse. Thirty three percent of those ages 75 to 84 have hearing impairment, while 50 % of old folks over 85 have lost their hearing altogether. This accounts for the many adjustments a family has to face (Isbell, 2007).Conversations now at this time are difficult. Its not easy to conduct a conversation with others when there is impairment to ones hearing. It is discompose to the one with the problem, and requires patience and understanding to others (Saxon, 2007). Oftentimes, as a result, older people choose to withdraw themselves from nondescript conversations. At times, old folks avoid giving inappropriate remarks as they were afraid they have misconstrue what was said (Smith, in NIA/NIH, 2007).It usually results in isolation. Solutions to these problems exist and available to help hou seholds to make do and thus smirch the potential problems (Saxon, 2007). MUSCLES AND BONES Regular exercise does help. Because of the many physical changes that occur in aging, a potbelly of adjustments as well are in rules of order so that the body is better able to cope with these changes. Two major parts of a persons physique are affected in the aging process namely, the muscles and bones.Joints and bones structure become rigid with age. This causes a decrease in height, a bent posture, and hence, pronounced limitations in movements. The prospect of these changes, however, need not hinder nor discourage a person to establish or maintain a regular regimen. Though it may now hurt to move and stretch ones joints, to yield to inactivity will all the more result to deterioration and more agony (Smith, in http//nihseniorhealth. gov/exercise/benefitsofexercise/03. html, 2007).Because the tendency of less and less movement goes with aging, and because calcium (a unavoidable mineral for the bone) is not absorbed into the bones generously as when younger, the resulting consequence is the brittling of the bones, a common cause of skeletal or bone fracture among the elderly. When ligaments connecting bones lose flexibility, it causes pain and discomfort. Older people as compared to younger ones need more cushioned shoes as the fat between the bones of the root word is becoming thinner (Aging physical changes).B.Contrast of the overall decline of memory, language processing, and problem solving abilities in late adults with the benefits of practical life experiences they offer. For many of the older or aging individuals the issue about mental health is not affecting them to a significant degree. Problems that commonly beset younger generations such as alcoholism, drop-off and other illnesses may not necessarily afflict them and in many cases may even be opposited, for instance, dementia, as long as timely treatment is afforded to the patient.Only Alzheimers, P arkinsons and multi-infarct dementia are cases where the patients condition is no longer reversible (Papalia et al, 2002). At this stage, what is termed as crystallized intelligence or abilities are more pronounced than fluid intelligence. According to Baltes, the dual-process model which includes the mechanics of intelligence and pragmatics of intelligence are also contrasted during the aging years, with the former in decline and the latter in continuous growth.Another important change includes the gradual slowing d hold of the rate of information processing due to the reduction of cognitive operation in the nervous system. Although considered an important development aspect, this slowing down is also dependent on true factors including individuality (Papalia, 2002). In contrast with the general slowing down of these functionings, which includes what is termed as instrumental activities of daily subsisting (IADLs), the aging years are marked however, with ability to work out int erpersonal or emotionally charged problems.There is indeed a great difference to memory especially working memory, or ones capacity to remember few detailed or events in particular, has sufficiently declined. former(a) than that, semantic, procedural, sensory, and priming types of memory are comparatively the same with those in the earlier stages (Papalia et al, 2002). C. Biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors that affect peoples ability to cope with dying. People in their aging years are in most cases individuals constantly aware of their mortality.However, the more the aging person is exposed to a variety of influences, his/her attitude with regards to his/her own conclusion and more so with a spouse or loved one whos at peace(p) on ahead will be greatly impacted. Research reveals that profound loneliness is one of the greatest struggles or burdens that a widow or widower faces especially that in countries like the United States people in their old age live awa y from their children or direct relatives. Although this is true, adjusting to loss is a lot different to this particular age compared to those who encounter bereavement in the younger years.More specifically, studies show that there are certain personalities too that account for many of those who were able to cope better in the elicit of the death of a loved one like the spouse. People who have high self-esteem, the more shell types, are said to be more resilient, although men are still at risk (mentally and physically)compared with women where sexual activity is the issue as men tend to be more dependent emotionally on their wives (Berk, 2004 in Ferraro,2001) and as they are less religious than women in general Berk, 2004 in Lee et al. 2001). Moreover, Caucasians versus their African-American counterparts accept to mental illness and disturbances due to the family constellation difference the former living more solitary existence whereas the latter have connectedness or extend ed families as well as church relationships (Berk, 2004 in Balaswamy Richardson, 2001). D. How grieving the loss of a loved one is influenced by individual and circumstantial factors.Specifically, as mentioned in the preceding page on how a person in the aging years cope with the death and dying, the individuals response at this stage to the loss of the loved one depends on a lot of factors. Conclusion Recommendation Devolution and not evolution is the fact of life. Theres no point arguing the fact that we (as years eat its way into our bodies) are decaying, so to speak. To some, who were erst whole and athletic, the reality of losing ones vigor seems unacceptable. Its hard to swallow the negative realism of aging.The naive chores that once were indeed simple have now become impossible tasks to some of us who were once upon a time, mighty competitors in some events in sports. Running may not be trump out(predicate) anymore. Walking, the most common movement to a normal functi oning individual is difficult when arthritis has already crept into his joints (Smith et al, 2007 in http//www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004023. htm). Physical changes are natural occurrences of wear and tear and are included in the order of things since time immemorial (Smith, Suzanna et al in Rantanen et al, 1997).This is one of natures physical laws that no yield how many technological breakthroughs have been discovered and come to the forefront of human existence, up till now, the best of these man-made intelligent inventions are not able to arrest these signs of deterioration. A senior citizen has to deal with problems such as high blood pressure, the cumulative effects of fatty deposits or cholesterol build up, some parts of the body that almost do not work anymore, and those parts that work may set out pain and a degree of discomfort (University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS)).Physical activity as mentioned, have some benefit s to slow down degenerative disorders but are not designed to reverse the course of aging. What is more tragic at times is, whenever people realize that the symptoms of aging are already there, its too late for them. They are now coping with regrets for earlier times and opportunities that had passed these were opportunities say to avert and prevent the speedy physical breakdown and enjoy more quality of life in their later years.ReferenceBerk, Laura E. 2004. Development Through the Lifespan. Allyn Bacon, Pearson Education.Aging physical changes. University of Iowa, Hospital and Clinics Accessed in http//www. uihealthcare. com/topics/aging/agin4120. html April 19, 2007. Saxon, action et al. Physical Change And Aging. A Guide For The Helping Professions, 4th Edition GNP Originally print by The Tiresias Press, Inc. Accessed in http//www. aginginplace. org/traits/sensory/ April 19, 2007. Isbell, Lou. Physical Changes in Aging. Accessed April 19, 2007 in http//extension. missouri. e du/explore/hesguide/humanrel/gh6729. htm Papalia, Diane E, Sally W. Olds, Ruth Duskin Feldman. 2002. man Development 8th Ed.

An acceptable defense Essay Example for Free

An acceptable self-denial Essay monomania alienation defense has been considered by many as a loophole in the police force allowing a function of guilty citizenry to be set free. However, this so-called loophole does r arly set people free of roughshod charges. Moreover, most of the cases involving frenzy defense argon murder cases. Many scholars, judges, attorneys and clinicians are said to be divided concerning the definition of insanity. In reality, though, it is non possible for them to be truly divided concerning the definition of insanity beholding that clinicians today have modernized means of determining a persons moral narrate by means of psychological testing and interviews. What is more, psychologists are aware that there are neurological processes alter a persons psychical state. Hence, brain s tummys can easily be used to get a line the physiological condition of an individual charged with murder. Even the history of insanity will be withdraw availabl e through such brain scans, seeing that there is a genuine difference surrounded by the neurological processes of people showing anomalous and normal behavior.Therefore, scholars, judges, and attorneys must know that their understanding of the definition of insanity is irrelevant if clinicians are available with scientific evidence of insanity of an individual charged with murder. Given that psychological testing too is scientific, there should be no loophole whatsoever in this area. As a division of fact, insanity is an acceptable defense. Eric Michael Clark shot a police officer to death because he was suffering from insane schizophrenia and believed that aliens were stalking him.According to the law of Arizona concerning insanity defense, the man had to prove with clear and convert evidence that he was too mentally ill to know that he was wrong to murder an impartial police offer. The Supreme judgeship got involved in Clarks case. Fortunately, the man was backed by the Ame rican Psychiatric Association in addition to the American Psychological Association two entities based on true scientific principles. Most states of America have differing laws regarding insanity defense.Now with the support of both the American Psychiatric Association as well as the American Psychological Association who believe in helping out mentally ill individuals that have been charged with murder although their mental health is not in their control it is hoped that the states of America will work on a single law on insanity defense in order to make the loophole in the law completely vanish. This single law would also make insanity defense cases more straightforward than before.After all, abnormal psychology is a science which has made it clear that there is an illness called paranoid schizophrenia, and there are many people suffering from illusions, delusions, and hallucinations. To doubt that these people are ill is, in fact, insanity as well as a sin. This is because we will be depriving of treatment a lot of mentally ill folks if we do not even believe that they are mentally ill. And, what if these people enter jails to commit more murders? What if they fling off themselves in prison after they have been unlawfully charged with crime? Whose responsibility would that be?In point of fact, mentally ill people require immediate healing instead of punishment. Besides, putting them through court trials may be worsening their mental condition. Many people who oppose the insanity defense have assumed that mental illness is a myth, and that those who label others as mentally ill are actually imposing violence and control on people. Thomas Ssasz argued that psychologists and psychiatrists use such labels only to make political and ethical decisions. It can be argued, however, that people who are unaware of the scientific basis of abnormal behavior are ignorant at best.Such people are the reason why books on the history of abnormal psychology claim that in the olden times people killed numerous mentally ill people simply because they were mentally ill. There was no treatment for such people, and nobody cared decent to stand for their right to be treated. Slowly but surely, future generations began to believe in the reality of mental illness. Humane treatment of the mentally ill was suggested as a cure. Today, however, we are abusing the principles of humane treatment by putting the mentally ill people through prolonged court trials.It would be best, therefore, for purchase order to hump that first of all, psychology is a science just as much as biology and psychologists and psychiatrists are qualified to determine the mental condition of an individual. If, in fact, mental illness were a myth, the Supreme Court and everybody else involved in insanity defense trials would have worked on also closing down mental hospitals as well as the clinics of the well-educated psychologists and psychiatrists, who happen to know their science more than lawmakers would ever be expected to understand psychology.The fact that the government has not closed down psychiatric clinics and mental hospitals shows that society at large does instinctively believe in the reality of mental illness and realizes how painful it can be. Hence, it is utterly useless to argue against the insanity defense.Bibliography Lane, Charles. Supreme Court to Review Insanity Defense. Washington Post. April 20, 2006. The Insanity Defense, Cyber Essays, http//www. cyberessays. com/Politics/126. htm, Accessed 4 may 2007. The Insanity Goes On, Crime Library (2007), http//www. crimelibrary. com/criminal_mind/psychology/insanity/11. html, Accessed 4 May 2007.